Neuromodulation in the form of electrically stimulating the spinal cord, has emerged in recent years as one of the most promising rays of hope for individuals with spinal cord injuries. This article examines the different types of electrical stimulation based neuromodulation shaping the future of rehabilitation.
Types of Neuromodulation based on electrical stimulation
- Epidural Electrical Stimulation: This invasive method provides direct spinal cord stimulation, paving the way for significant advances in motor function recovery among other things.
- Trans Spinal Stimulation (TSS): A non-invasive approach that stimulates the spinal cord through the skin, offering a more accessible and comfortable alternative for patients.
- Transcranial Stimulation: Available in both invasive and non-invasive versions, this method explores stimulation from the brain, expanding horizons in spinal cord injury research.
- Brain-Computer Interface (BCI): A cranial implant controlled by a computer opens the door to direct interaction between the brain and the spinal cord, creating synergy between software and hardware.
Recent Advances
A notable trend in the field is the fusion of different technologies, exemplified by the Brain Spinal Interface (BSI). This innovation involves transmitting a message from the cranial implant to the spinal cord implant via a computer, underscoring the crucial importance of software and hardware integration.
Neuromodulation and Recovery
While neuromodulation has emerged as a groundbreaking technology facilitating recovery, it is now widely acknowledged in scientific circles that it cannot solely cure the spinal cord. A consensus is emerging regarding the need to combine neuromodulation with physical rehabilitation approaches, such as Activity-Based Therapy (ABT), and other innovations in regenerative medicine.
Conclusion
Neuromodulation looms as a major breakthrough in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. As competition and innovation intensify, collaboration across different facets of neuromodulation offers tangible hope for significantly improving the quality of life for individuals affected by spinal cord injuries. This article highlights the rapid evolution of this technology and underscores the crucial importance of combining approaches to unlock the full potential of neuromodulation in spinal cord injury healing.